Abstract
The evolution of many complex systems, including the World Wide Web, business, and citation networks, is encoded in the dynamic web describing the interactions between the system's constituents. Despite their irreversible and nonequilibrium nature these networks follow Bose statistics and can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation. Addressing the dynamical properties of these nonequilibrium systems within the framework of equilibrium quantum gases predicts that the "first-mover-advantage," "fit-get-rich," and "winner-takes-all" phenomena observed in competitive systems are thermodynamically distinct phases of the underlying evolving networks.
Keywords
complex networks, World Wide Web
Subject Categories
Bose-Einstein condensation
Disciplines
Physics
Publisher
The American Physical Society
Publication Date
6-2001
Rights Holder
©2001 The American Physical Society
Permanent URL
Recommended Citation
Bianconi, Ginestra and Barabási, Albert-László, "Bose-Einstein condensation in complex networks" (2001). Physics Faculty Publications. Paper 123. http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20000696
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Notes
Originally published in Physical Review Letters 86(24), 2001. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5632